IPL (Intense Pulsed Light) lasers work by emitting broad-spectrum light that penetrates the skin to target specific pigments or structures, such as melanin in dark spots or hemoglobin in blood vessels. The light energy is absorbed and converted into heat, which breaks down the target without damaging surrounding tissue. This process helps reduce pigmentation, redness, fine lines, and even unwanted hair, promoting clearer and smoother skin over time.